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AKKALKARO (Anacyclus pyrethrum)

AKKALKARO (Anacyclus pyrethrum)

Akkalkaro (Anacyclus pyrethrum DC.), also known as pellitory root, is a perennial herb traditionally used in Ayurveda and Unani medicine for its stimulating, aphrodisiac, and nerve-tonic properties. The root is particularly known for its pungent taste and its characteristic tingling and salivation-inducing effects when chewed. It belongs to the Asteraceae family and is mainly found in North Africa and parts of India.

Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Asterales
  • Family: Asteraceae
  • Genus: Anacyclus
  • Species: Anacyclus pyrethrum DC.

Common Names

  • English: Pellitory root, Spanish chamomile
  • Sanskrit: Akarkara
  • Hindi: Akkalkaro
  • Gujarati: Akalkaro
  • Tamil: Akkirakaram
  • Malayalam: Akkarakaram
  • Marathi: Akkalkaro
  • Urdu: Aqarqarha

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

  • Nervous System Tonic – Used as a nervine stimulant to improve speech defects, facial paralysis, epilepsy, and general nervous debility.
  • Aphrodisiac and Reproductive Health – Considered a potent aphrodisiac in Ayurveda, Enhances libido, improves sperm quality, and is used in erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.
  • Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic – Used in rheumatism, arthritis, and joint pain for its anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Digestive Stimulant – Acts as a carminative, improving appetite and reducing abdominal discomfort.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    The medicinal properties of Anacyclus pyrethrum are attributed to its diverse phytoconstituents:

    • Alkylamides (notably pellitorine) – responsible for its tingling effect and neuro-stimulant activity.
    • Sesquiterpene lactones – anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.
    • Inulin – prebiotic fiber, digestive stimulant.
    • Triterpenoids – contributes to adaptogenic and antioxidant properties.
    • Essential Oils – includes compounds like pyrethrin, anacyclin, and angelicin.

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Part I, Vol. 2, Govt. of India, Ministry of AYUSH.

    Kapoor, L.D. (1990). CRC Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. CRC Press.

    Pandey, G.N. (2004). Dravyaguna Vigyan, Vol. 2. Chaukhamba Publications.

    Singh, R., et al. (2011). “Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Anacyclus pyrethrum (Linn.)” International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2(7), 1631-1636.

    Mehrotra, N.N. & Rastogi, R.P. (2003). Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants, Volume 5. CSIR, India.

    Azwanida, N.N. (2015). “A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength and limitation.” Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, 4(3), 196.

    European Medicines Agency (EMA). (2020). “Assessment report on Anacyclus pyrethrum root for traditional use.”

    Nadkarni, K.M. (1976). Indian Materia Medica, Vol. I. Popular Prakashan, Mumbai.

Bilwa / Bengal quince (Aegle marmelos L.)

Bilwa / Bengal quince (Aegle marmelos L.)

Bilwa / Bengal quince (Aegle marmelos L.), also known as Bael, is a sacred and medicinal tree revered in Ayurveda and Hindu tradition. It belongs to the Rutaceae family and is native to India and Southeast Asia. All parts of the tree—fruit, leaves, bark, root, and flowers—are used for their therapeutic properties, especially in treating gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, inflammation, and respiratory conditions.

Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Sapindales
  • Family: Rutaceae
  • Genus: Aegle
  • Species: Aegle marmelos (L.) Corrêa

Common Names

  • English: Bael, Bengal quince, Golden apple
  • Sanskrit: Bilwa, Shriphal, Shailush
  • Hindi: Bael
  • Tamil: Vilvam
  • Telugu: Maredu
  • Bengali: Bel
  • Marathi: Bel

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

  • Gastrointestinal Disorders – Bilwa fruit pulp’s astringent and digestive qualities make it useful for treating indigestion, diarrhea, and dysentery.
  • Antidiabetic Action – Leaves and extracts are traditionally used to manage blood sugar levels.
  • Respiratory Health – Roots and leaves are used in formulations for bronchitis and asthma due to their expectorant nature.
  • Antimicrobial & Antiparasitic – Exhibits activity against bacteria, viruses, and intestinal parasites.
  • Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant – In numerous investigations, it has shown potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant qualities.
  • Wound Healing and Skin Conditions – Bilwa leaf paste is applied to wounds, ulcers, and skin infections.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Bilwa is rich in a variety of bioactive compounds that contribute to its pharmacological effects.

    • Alkaloids: Aegeline, Aegelenine
    • Coumarins: Marmelosin, Imperatorin
    • Tannins: Present in unripe fruit – responsible for anti-diarrheal effects
    • Flavonoids: Rutin, Kaempferol, Quercetin
    • Essential Oils: Eugenol, Citral, Limonene
    • Pectin and Mucilage: From ripe fruit pulp

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I, Vol. I, Govt. of India, Ministry of AYUSH.

    Sharma, P.V. (1999). Dravyaguna Vijnana (Vol. II). Chaukhambha Bharati Academy.

    Jindal, A., & Garg, A. (2017). “Therapeutic benefits of Aegle marmelos (Bael) – A review.” Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(5), 424-429.

    Balasubramani, S.P. et al. (2015). “Pharmacological activities of Aegle marmelos – A review.” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 5(1), S62-S68.

    Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). (1956). The Wealth of India: A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products – Raw Materials, Vol. 1: A.

    Kirtikar, K.R. & Basu, B.D. (1935). Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol. I, Lalit Mohan Basu Publishers, Allahabad.

    European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe (For plant-based herbal monographs).

    Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

VIDANG (Embelia ribes)

VIDANG (Embelia ribes)

Vidang (Embelia ribes Burm. f.) is a renowned medicinal plant extensively used in Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine. It is primarily valued for its anthelmintic, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, especially for expelling intestinal worms. The dried fruits of Vidang are the main part used therapeutically. The plant belongs to the Primulaceae family and is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of India and Southeast Asia.

Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Ericales
  • Family: Primulaceae
  • Genus: Embelia
  • Species: Embelia ribes

Common Names

  • English: False Black Pepper, Embelia
  • Sanskrit: Vidanga, Krimighna, Tandula
  • Hindi: Baibidang, Vidang
  • Tamil: Vaivilangam
  • Telugu: Vaivilingi
  • Bengali: Babrang
  • Marathi: Vavading

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

  • Anthelmintic Use – Widely used to expel intestinal worms in children and adults.
  • Digestive Health – Stimulates appetite, improves digestion, and relieves bloating and flatulence.
  • Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory – Helps reduce oxidative stress and inflammation due to its phenolic content.
  • Skin and Hair Benefits – Used for treating skin infections and promoting hair growth, Its paste is applied topically in conditions like eczema and ringworm.
  • Reproductive Health – Traditionally used in managing infertility and promoting uterine health.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Vidang contains a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals contributing to its medicinal effects:

    • Tannins
    • Alkaloids
    • Phenolic compounds
    • Quinones
    • Embelin – A major active constituent with strong anthelmintic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
    • Ribesin A and B
    • Betulinic acid

    References

    The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part I, Vol. 2. Government of India, Ministry of AYUSH.

    Sharangdhar Samhita, Madhyam Khand, Krimighna chapter.

    Nadkarni, K.M. (1976). Indian Materia Medica, Vol. I. Popular Prakashan.

    Rani, N., Sharma, S., & Tiwari, V. (2011). “Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies of Embelia ribes Burm. f.: A review.” International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 3(3), 48–52.

    Vats, M., & Sharma, A. (2014). “Biochemical and antimicrobial potential of Embelia ribes.” Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 7(3), 70–74.

    European Medicines Agency (EMA). (2010). Community Herbal Monograph on Embelia ribes.

    Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi.

    Warrier, P.K., Nambiar, V.P.K., & Ramankutty, C. (1994). Indian Medicinal Plants: A Compendium of 500 Species. Orient Longman.

Tamal Patra / Tejpatta (Cinnamomum tamala)

Tamal Patra / Tejpatta (Cinnamomum tamala)

Tamal Patra / Tejpatta (Cinnamomum tamala) is a medicinal aromatic leaf commonly used in Indian cuisine and traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda and Unani. The leaf is known for its spicy aroma, carminative, and antimicrobial properties. Apart from culinary use, it is valued for its ability to manage digestive disorders, respiratory conditions, and diabetes.

Tejpatta Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Magnoliids
  • Order: Laurales
  • Family: Lauraceae
  • Genus: Cinnamomum
  • Species: Cinnamomum tamala

Cinnamomum tamala Common Names

  • English: Indian Bay Leaf, Malabar Leaf
  • Sanskrit: Tamalapatra, Tejpatra
  • Hindi: Tejpatta
  • Tamil: Karuva Ela
  • Telugu: Bagara Aku
  • Bengali: Tejpata
  • Marathi: Tamalpatra
  • Kannada: Bhale Yele

Tejpatta Uses

  • Digestive Health – Used as a carminative and stimulant, it helps in relieving flatulence, bloating, and indigestion.
  • Antidiabetic Activity – Leaf extracts are traditionally used to manage blood sugar levels by enhancing insulin sensitivity.
  • Respiratory Support – Beneficial in cough, asthma, and bronchitis due to its expectorant and antimicrobial properties.
  • Cardiovascular Benefits – Contains compounds that reduce LDL cholesterol and support heart health.
  • Wound Healing and Antimicrobial Uses – Paste or decoction applied on wounds, infections, and skin ailments for faster healing.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Cinnamomum tamala is rich in phytoconstituents responsible for its biological effects:

    • Essential Oils: Cinnamaldehyde, Linalool, Caryophyllene, Eugenol
    • Flavonoids: Quercetin, Kaempferol
    • Phenolic Acids: Gallic acid, Caffeic acid
    • Tannins: Condensed and hydrolyzable types
    • Terpenoids: α-Pinene, Camphene
    • Glycosides and Alkaloids: Small amounts present in bark and leaves

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Vol. I, Part I, Govt. of India.

    Bhatt, A., et al. (2018). “Pharmacognostic and phytochemical profile of Cinnamomum tamala Nees & Eberm: A review.” Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(4), 1962-1967.

    Kaur, N., & Chaudhury, A. (2013). “Cinnamomum tamala: A valuable tree from Himalaya.” International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 5(4), 234-237.

    European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

    Sharma, P.C., Yelne, M.B., & Dennis, T.J. (2005). Database on Medicinal Plants Used in Ayurveda, Vol. 2, CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

    Ahmad, M., et al. (2011). “A review on phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects of Cinnamomum tamala.” Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 1(2), 1-5.

    Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

    Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. (2002). Indian Drug Manufacturers’ Association (IDMA) and RRL, Jammu.

Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina)

Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina)

Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina), commonly known as Indian snakeroot, is a perennial, evergreen shrub native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is renowned for its antihypertensive, sedative, and tranquilizing effects and has been extensively used in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine. The root contains powerful alkaloids, notably reserpine, which plays a significant role in managing high blood pressure and mental disorders.

Sarpagandha Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Gentianales
  • Family: Apocynaceae
  • Genus: Rauvolfia
  • Species: Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz

Sarpagandha Common Names

  • English: Indian snakeroot, Serpentine root
  • Sanskrit: Sarpagandha
  • Hindi: Sarpagandha
  • Tamil: Sarpagandhi
  • Telugu: Patalagaruda
  • Bengali: Chhota Chand
  • Marathi: Sarpagandha
  • Malayalam: Amalpori

Sarpagandha Uses

  • Management of Hypertension – Acts as a natural antihypertensive due to the presence of reserpine, which reduces blood pressure by depleting catecholamines.
  • Mental Health Disorders – Used as a tranquilizer and sedative in conditions like anxiety, insomnia, schizophrenia, and hysteria.
  • Menstrual Disorders – Employed in the management of amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea due to its uterine stimulant action.
  • Gastrointestinal Relief – Traditionally used to relieve colic, indigestion, and constipation.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Sarpagandha contains a wide range of indole alkaloids which are responsible for its pharmacological actions:

    • Alkaloids: Reserpine, Ajmaline, Ajmalicine, Serpentine, Yohimbine
    • Triterpenoids: Lupeol, β-Sitosterol
    • Phenolic Compounds: Rauvolfianine, Serpentinine
    • Flavonoids: Quercetin
    • Others: Saponins, Tannins

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Part I, Vol. I. Government of India, Ministry of AYUSH.

    Sharma, P.V. (1995). Dravyaguna Vijnana (Materia Medica – Vegetable Drugs). Chaukhambha Bharati Academy.

    World Health Organization (WHO). (1999). Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Vol. 1. WHO, Geneva.

    Singh, R.H. (2007). Ayurvedic Drug Plants. Chaukhambha Sanskrit Pratishthan.

    Kapoor, L.D. (2001). Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. CRC Press.

    Bhattacharjee, S.K. (2001). Handbook of Medicinal Plants. Pointer Publishers, Jaipur.

    Chopra, R.N., Chopra, I.C., & Handa, K.L. (1958). Indigenous Drugs of India. Academic Publishers.

    Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). (2003). The Wealth of India: A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products, Vol. 9. National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources.

Saffron / Kesar (Crocus sativus L.)

Saffron / Kesar (Crocus sativus L.)

Saffron / Kesar (Crocus sativus L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant known for producing the most expensive spice in the world—derived from the dried stigmas of its flowers. Belonging to the Iridaceae family, saffron has been cultivated for centuries, particularly in regions such as Iran, India (Kashmir), Greece, and Spain. Renowned in traditional medicine systems including Ayurveda, Unani, and Traditional Persian Medicine, saffron is celebrated for its applications in treating depression, inflammation, asthma, skin diseases, and as an aphrodisiac.

Saffron Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Monocots
  • Order: Asparagales
  • Family: Iridaceae
  • Genus: Crocus
  • Species: Crocus sativus L.

Saffron Common Names

  • English: Saffron
  • Sanskrit: Kumkuma
  • Hindi: Kesar
  • Tamil: Kungumapoo
  • Telugu: Kumkuma puvvu
  • Bengali: Jafran
  • Marathi: Keshar
  • Arabic: Zafaran
  • Persian: Zaferan

Saffron Uses

  • Nervous System and Mental Health – Acts as a natural antidepressant, anxiolytic, and memory enhancer, Used to treat mild to moderate depression and improve mood.
  • Reproductive and Sexual Health – Traditionally used to enhance libido, treat erectile dysfunction, and menstrual disorders.
  • Skin and Beauty – Used in Ayurvedic formulations for improving skin complexion and treating acne and blemishes.
  • Respiratory Disorders – Helpful in managing asthma and bronchitis due to its anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties.
  • Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity – Contains powerful antioxidants that help neutralize free radicals and reduce inflammation.
  • Ocular Health – Traditionally believed to improve vision and manage retinal degeneration.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Harde contains several bioactive compounds:

    • Tannins (Chebulagic acid, Chebulinic acid) – Astringent and antioxidant
    • Gallic acid – Antimicrobial and hepatoprotective
    • Ellagic acid – Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant
    • Flavonoids and Saponins – Rejuvenative and adaptogenic properties
    • Anthraquinones – Mild laxative effects

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Volume IV, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

    Sharma, P. V. (2003). Dravyaguna Vigyan, Vol. 2. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy.

    Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (2008). Indian Medicinal Plants, Volume III. International Book Distributors.

    Singh, R., et al. (2011). “Antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. extract against dental caries microorganisms.” Journal of Dental Research and Review, 3(2), 90–93.

    Saleem, A., et al. (2002). “Antioxidant potential of Terminalia chebula fruit extracts in comparison with ascorbic acid.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 79(3), 327–329.

    Nadkarni, K. M. (2009). Indian Materia Medica, Vol. I. Bombay Popular Prakashan.

Neem – Azadirachta indica

neem

Neem is a fast-growing, evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent. Revered in Ayurveda as “Sarva Roga Nivarini” (the healer of all ailments), its leaves, bark, seeds, and oil are used for a wide range of health benefits, especially in skin and blood disorders.

Neem Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Sapindales
  • Family: Meliaceae
  • Genus: Azadirachta
  • Species: A. indica

Neem Common Names

  • English: Neem Tree, Indian Lilac
  • Hindi: Neem
  • Sanskrit: Nimba
  • Gujarati: Limbdo
  • Marathi: Kadunimb
  • Tamil: Vembu
  • Telugu: Vepa

Neem Uses

  • Skin Disorders – Used in treating eczema, acne, psoriasis, and fungal infections due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Blood Purification – Traditionally consumed as a blood purifier, aiding detoxification and improving skin health.
  • Antiparasitic and Antifungal – Acts against intestinal worms, head lice, and skin fungus.
  • Oral and Dental Health – Neem twigs used as natural toothbrushes (datun); effective in maintaining oral hygiene and preventing gum disease.
  • Immune Modulation and Fever Relief – Known for boosting immunity and managing fever and inflammatory conditions.
  • Blood Sugar Control – Neem supports healthy blood sugar levels by enhancing insulin sensitivity and regulating glucose metabolism.
  • Piles Relief – Neem’s anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties help reduce swelling, pain, and discomfort associated with piles.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Harde contains several bioactive compounds:

    • Tannins (Chebulagic acid, Chebulinic acid) – Astringent and antioxidant
    • Gallic acid – Antimicrobial and hepatoprotective
    • Ellagic acid – Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant
    • Flavonoids and Saponins – Rejuvenative and adaptogenic properties
    • Anthraquinones – Mild laxative effects

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Volume IV, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

    Sharma, P. V. (2003). Dravyaguna Vigyan, Vol. 2. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy.

    Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (2008). Indian Medicinal Plants, Volume III. International Book Distributors.

    Singh, R., et al. (2011). “Antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. extract against dental caries microorganisms.” Journal of Dental Research and Review, 3(2), 90–93.

    Saleem, A., et al. (2002). “Antioxidant potential of Terminalia chebula fruit extracts in comparison with ascorbic acid.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 79(3), 327–329.

    Nadkarni, K. M. (2009). Indian Materia Medica, Vol. I. Bombay Popular Prakashan.

Harde – Terminalia chebula

Harde - Terminalia chebula

Harde – Terminalia chebula, also known as Haritaki, is a deciduous tree widely used in Ayurveda. Its fruits are valued for their strong purgative, rejuvenative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Referred to as the “King of Medicines” in Ayurveda, Harde supports gut health and overall longevity.

Terminalia chebula Scientific names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Myrtales
  • Family: Combretaceae
  • Genus: Terminalia
  • Species: T. chebula

Terminalia chebula common names

  • English: Chebulic Myrobalan
  • Hindi: Harad / Harade
  • Sanskrit: Haritaki
  • Gujarati: Harde
  • Marathi: Hirda
  • Tamil: Kadukkai
  • Telugu: Karakkaya

Terminalia chebula uses

  • Digestive Health – Acts as a natural laxative and digestive aid; supports gut cleansing and relieves constipation.
  • Detoxification and Rejuvenation – A core ingredient in Triphala, used to detoxify the body and promote cellular rejuvenation.
  • Respiratory Health – Traditionally used to manage cough, asthma, and bronchitis.
  • Wound Healing and Skin Care – Applied externally to support wound healing and treat skin conditions.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Harde contains several bioactive compounds:

    • Tannins (Chebulagic acid, Chebulinic acid) – Astringent and antioxidant
    • Gallic acid – Antimicrobial and hepatoprotective
    • Ellagic acid – Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant
    • Flavonoids and Saponins – Rejuvenative and adaptogenic properties
    • Anthraquinones – Mild laxative effects

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Volume IV, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

    Sharma, P. V. (2003). Dravyaguna Vigyan, Vol. 2. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy.

    Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (2008). Indian Medicinal Plants, Volume III. International Book Distributors.

    Singh, R., et al. (2011). “Antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. extract against dental caries microorganisms.” Journal of Dental Research and Review, 3(2), 90–93.

    Saleem, A., et al. (2002). “Antioxidant potential of Terminalia chebula fruit extracts in comparison with ascorbic acid.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 79(3), 327–329.

    Nadkarni, K. M. (2009). Indian Materia Medica, Vol. I. Bombay Popular Prakashan.

jamun beej – Syzygium cumini

jamun beej - Syzygium cumini

Jamun Beej refers to the dried seeds of the Jamun fruit (also known as Indian Blackberry). The seeds are traditionally dried, powdered, and used for their antidiabetic, astringent, and digestive benefits. Jamun trees are evergreen, medium to large-sized, with dark purple edible fruits rich in antioxidants.

Scientific Classification

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Myrtales
  • Family: Myrtaceae
  • Genus: Syzygium
  • Species: S. cumini

Common Names

  • English: Black Plum Seed, Java Plum Seed
  • Hindi: Jamun Beej
  • Sanskrit: Jambu
  • Gujarati: Jamfal Beej
  • Marathi: Jambhul Beej
  • Tamil: Naaval Pazham Vidhai
  • Telugu: Neredu Ginjaloo

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

  • Blood Sugar Regulation – Traditionally used in Ayurveda as an effective remedy for managing diabetes and regulating blood glucose.
  • Digestive Health – Acts as an astringent and digestive stimulant, used in indigestion, diarrhea, and dysentery.
  • Oral Health – Powdered seeds are used to maintain oral hygiene and treat bleeding gums.
  • Urinary Disorders – Used for reducing excessive urination and balancing urinary issues linked to high sugar levels.
  • Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory – Rich in polyphenols that protect cells and reduce internal inflammation.

Phytochemical Constituents

Jamun seeds are a powerhouse of phytoconstituents:

  • Jamboline and Jambosine – Alkaloids known for hypoglycemic action
  • Ellagic acid – Antioxidant and anticancer potential
  • Gallic acid and Flavonoids – Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties
  • Tannins and Saponins – Astringent and antidiarrheal action
  • Terpenoids and Anthocyanins – Protect against oxidative stress

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Volume IV, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

Sharma, P. V. (2003). Dravyaguna Vigyan, Vol. 2. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy.

Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (2008). Indian Medicinal Plants, Volume III. International Book Distributors.

Jain, R., et al. (2011). “Hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini seed powder in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.” Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 4(3), 35–39.

Baliga, M. S., et al. (2011). “Scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal properties of the Jamun (Syzygium cumini) fruit and its seed: A review.” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 16(16), 1–6.

Nadkarni, K. M. (2009). Indian Materia Medica, Vol. I. Bombay Popular Prakashan.

Erandmool – Ricinus Communis

Erandmool - Ricinus Communis

Erandmool, or the root of the castor plant, is a well-known medicinal herb in Ayurveda. The plant is a fast-growing, perennial shrub or small tree that can grow up to 10 meters. Its roots are highly valued for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, purgative, and detoxifying properties.

Euphorbiaceae Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Magnoliophyta
  • Class: Magnoliopsida
  • Order: Malpighiales
  • Family: Euphorbiaceae
  • Genus: Ricinus
  • Species: R. communis

Euphorbiaceae Common Names

  • English: Castor root
  • Hindi: Erand, Arand
  • Sanskrit: Eranda
  • Gujarati: Divel, Andar
  • Marathi: Arand
  • Tamil: Amanakku
  • Telugu: Amudamu

Euphorbiaceae Uses

  • Digestive Health – Used as a mild laxative and to treat constipation and abdominal bloating.
  • Anti-inflammatory Effects – The root decoction is traditionally used to relieve joint pain, backache, and arthritis.
  • Respiratory Relief – Used in formulations for asthma and cough relief due to its soothing properties.
  • Menstrual Disorders – Acts as an emmenagogue and is used to alleviate dysmenorrhea and regulate menstrual flow.
  • Nervous System Support – Known in Ayurveda for its vata-pacifying qualities, helpful in neurological disorders.

Phytochemical Constituents

Key bioactive compounds present in Erandmool include:

  • Ricinine – an alkaloid with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity
  • Ricinoleic acid – known for its laxative and anti-inflammatory actions
  • Flavonoids – antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents
  • Terpenoids – contribute to analgesic and antimicrobial effects
  • Tannins and Saponins – help in gastrointestinal and wound healing benefits

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Volume IV, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

Sharma, P. V. (2003). Dravyaguna Vigyan, Vol. 2. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy.

Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (2008). Indian Medicinal Plants, Volume III. International Book Distributors.

Patel, P. R., et al. (2012). “Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies on root of Ricinus communis Linn.” International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 14(1), 29–33.

Bhagwat, D. A., et al. (2008). “Phytochemical evaluation and antimicrobial activity of Ricinus communis roots.” Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1(2), 34–39.

Nadkarni, K. M. (2009). Indian Materia Medica, Vol. I. Bombay Popular Prakashan.

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