Mayu (galls of Quercus infectoria Oliv.) — commonly called gall oak galls, majuphal, manjakani or Turkish/ Aleppo galls — are hard, rounded excrescences that form on young twigs of Quercus infectoria after attack by certain gall-forming insects. The galls (not the tree wood) are the medicinal material traditionally used; they are strongly astringent because they are rich in hydrolyzable tannins
Scientific Classification
- Kingdom: Plantae.
- Clade / Phylum: Angiosperms.
- Class: Eudicots.
- Order: Fagales.
- Family: Fagaceae.
- Genus: Quercus.
- Species: Quercus infectoria Oliv.
(common synonymy and regional varietal names exist in literature).
Common Names
- English: Gall oak galls, Aleppo oak galls, oak galls
- Sanskrit / Ayurvedic: Mayaphala, Mayu, Majuphal
- Malay / Regional: Manjakani
- Other names: Galla turcica, Aleppo tannin
Traditional and Medicinal Uses
- Digestive Health - Used as a strong astringent to control diarrhea and dysentery.
- Haemostatic / Bleeding Control - Helps stop bleeding in epistaxis, menorrhagia, and other bleeding disorders.
- Oral and Dental Care - Used in tooth powders and pastilles to treat gingivitis, mouth ulcers, and dental infections.
- Gynaecological Uses - Traditionally used to support post-partum uterine tone and vaginal tightening.
- Wound Care and Skin Health - Applied externally for wounds, eczema, and fungal/dermatitis conditions due to antimicrobial and astringent effects.
References
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India. Volume: Mayyaku / Quercus infectoria galls.
Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.
Zin, N.N.I.N.M., et al. (2019). A Review of Quercus infectoria Galls as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology.
Shrestha, S., et al. (2014). Pharmacognostic studies of insect gall of Quercus infectoria.
Elham, A., et al. (2021). Phytochemical, pharmacological and analytical methods of Quercus infectoria galls: A review.
HerbalGram / American Botanical Council. (2021). Quercus infectoria galls overview: traditional and modern medicinal uses.
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