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Archives: Ingredient

Neem – Azadirachta indica

neem

Neem is a fast-growing, evergreen tree native to the Indian subcontinent. Revered in Ayurveda as “Sarva Roga Nivarini” (the healer of all ailments), its leaves, bark, seeds, and oil are used for a wide range of health benefits, especially in skin and blood disorders.

Neem Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Sapindales
  • Family: Meliaceae
  • Genus: Azadirachta
  • Species: A. indica

Neem Common Names

  • English: Neem Tree, Indian Lilac
  • Hindi: Neem
  • Sanskrit: Nimba
  • Gujarati: Limbdo
  • Marathi: Kadunimb
  • Tamil: Vembu
  • Telugu: Vepa

Neem Uses

  • Skin Disorders – Used in treating eczema, acne, psoriasis, and fungal infections due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Blood Purification – Traditionally consumed as a blood purifier, aiding detoxification and improving skin health.
  • Antiparasitic and Antifungal – Acts against intestinal worms, head lice, and skin fungus.
  • Oral and Dental Health – Neem twigs used as natural toothbrushes (datun); effective in maintaining oral hygiene and preventing gum disease.
  • Immune Modulation and Fever Relief – Known for boosting immunity and managing fever and inflammatory conditions.
  • Blood Sugar Control – Neem supports healthy blood sugar levels by enhancing insulin sensitivity and regulating glucose metabolism.
  • Piles Relief – Neem’s anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties help reduce swelling, pain, and discomfort associated with piles.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Harde contains several bioactive compounds:

    • Tannins (Chebulagic acid, Chebulinic acid) – Astringent and antioxidant
    • Gallic acid – Antimicrobial and hepatoprotective
    • Ellagic acid – Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant
    • Flavonoids and Saponins – Rejuvenative and adaptogenic properties
    • Anthraquinones – Mild laxative effects

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Volume IV, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

    Sharma, P. V. (2003). Dravyaguna Vigyan, Vol. 2. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy.

    Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (2008). Indian Medicinal Plants, Volume III. International Book Distributors.

    Singh, R., et al. (2011). “Antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. extract against dental caries microorganisms.” Journal of Dental Research and Review, 3(2), 90–93.

    Saleem, A., et al. (2002). “Antioxidant potential of Terminalia chebula fruit extracts in comparison with ascorbic acid.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 79(3), 327–329.

    Nadkarni, K. M. (2009). Indian Materia Medica, Vol. I. Bombay Popular Prakashan.

Harde – Terminalia chebula

Harde - Terminalia chebula

Harde – Terminalia chebula, also known as Haritaki, is a deciduous tree widely used in Ayurveda. Its fruits are valued for their strong purgative, rejuvenative, and anti-inflammatory properties. Referred to as the “King of Medicines” in Ayurveda, Harde supports gut health and overall longevity.

Terminalia chebula Scientific names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Myrtales
  • Family: Combretaceae
  • Genus: Terminalia
  • Species: T. chebula

Terminalia chebula common names

  • English: Chebulic Myrobalan
  • Hindi: Harad / Harade
  • Sanskrit: Haritaki
  • Gujarati: Harde
  • Marathi: Hirda
  • Tamil: Kadukkai
  • Telugu: Karakkaya

Terminalia chebula uses

  • Digestive Health – Acts as a natural laxative and digestive aid; supports gut cleansing and relieves constipation.
  • Detoxification and Rejuvenation – A core ingredient in Triphala, used to detoxify the body and promote cellular rejuvenation.
  • Respiratory Health – Traditionally used to manage cough, asthma, and bronchitis.
  • Wound Healing and Skin Care – Applied externally to support wound healing and treat skin conditions.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Harde contains several bioactive compounds:

    • Tannins (Chebulagic acid, Chebulinic acid) – Astringent and antioxidant
    • Gallic acid – Antimicrobial and hepatoprotective
    • Ellagic acid – Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant
    • Flavonoids and Saponins – Rejuvenative and adaptogenic properties
    • Anthraquinones – Mild laxative effects

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Volume IV, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

    Sharma, P. V. (2003). Dravyaguna Vigyan, Vol. 2. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy.

    Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (2008). Indian Medicinal Plants, Volume III. International Book Distributors.

    Singh, R., et al. (2011). “Antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. extract against dental caries microorganisms.” Journal of Dental Research and Review, 3(2), 90–93.

    Saleem, A., et al. (2002). “Antioxidant potential of Terminalia chebula fruit extracts in comparison with ascorbic acid.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 79(3), 327–329.

    Nadkarni, K. M. (2009). Indian Materia Medica, Vol. I. Bombay Popular Prakashan.

jamun beej – Syzygium cumini

jamun beej - Syzygium cumini

Jamun Beej refers to the dried seeds of the Jamun fruit (also known as Indian Blackberry). The seeds are traditionally dried, powdered, and used for their antidiabetic, astringent, and digestive benefits. Jamun trees are evergreen, medium to large-sized, with dark purple edible fruits rich in antioxidants.

Scientific Classification

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Myrtales
  • Family: Myrtaceae
  • Genus: Syzygium
  • Species: S. cumini

Common Names

  • English: Black Plum Seed, Java Plum Seed
  • Hindi: Jamun Beej
  • Sanskrit: Jambu
  • Gujarati: Jamfal Beej
  • Marathi: Jambhul Beej
  • Tamil: Naaval Pazham Vidhai
  • Telugu: Neredu Ginjaloo

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

  • Blood Sugar Regulation – Traditionally used in Ayurveda as an effective remedy for managing diabetes and regulating blood glucose.
  • Digestive Health – Acts as an astringent and digestive stimulant, used in indigestion, diarrhea, and dysentery.
  • Oral Health – Powdered seeds are used to maintain oral hygiene and treat bleeding gums.
  • Urinary Disorders – Used for reducing excessive urination and balancing urinary issues linked to high sugar levels.
  • Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory – Rich in polyphenols that protect cells and reduce internal inflammation.

Phytochemical Constituents

Jamun seeds are a powerhouse of phytoconstituents:

  • Jamboline and Jambosine – Alkaloids known for hypoglycemic action
  • Ellagic acid – Antioxidant and anticancer potential
  • Gallic acid and Flavonoids – Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties
  • Tannins and Saponins – Astringent and antidiarrheal action
  • Terpenoids and Anthocyanins – Protect against oxidative stress

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Volume IV, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

Sharma, P. V. (2003). Dravyaguna Vigyan, Vol. 2. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy.

Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (2008). Indian Medicinal Plants, Volume III. International Book Distributors.

Jain, R., et al. (2011). “Hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini seed powder in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.” Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 4(3), 35–39.

Baliga, M. S., et al. (2011). “Scientific validation of the ethnomedicinal properties of the Jamun (Syzygium cumini) fruit and its seed: A review.” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 16(16), 1–6.

Nadkarni, K. M. (2009). Indian Materia Medica, Vol. I. Bombay Popular Prakashan.

Erandmool – Ricinus Communis

Erandmool - Ricinus Communis

Erandmool, or the root of the castor plant, is a well-known medicinal herb in Ayurveda. The plant is a fast-growing, perennial shrub or small tree that can grow up to 10 meters. Its roots are highly valued for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, purgative, and detoxifying properties.

Euphorbiaceae Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Magnoliophyta
  • Class: Magnoliopsida
  • Order: Malpighiales
  • Family: Euphorbiaceae
  • Genus: Ricinus
  • Species: R. communis

Euphorbiaceae Common Names

  • English: Castor root
  • Hindi: Erand, Arand
  • Sanskrit: Eranda
  • Gujarati: Divel, Andar
  • Marathi: Arand
  • Tamil: Amanakku
  • Telugu: Amudamu

Euphorbiaceae Uses

  • Digestive Health – Used as a mild laxative and to treat constipation and abdominal bloating.
  • Anti-inflammatory Effects – The root decoction is traditionally used to relieve joint pain, backache, and arthritis.
  • Respiratory Relief – Used in formulations for asthma and cough relief due to its soothing properties.
  • Menstrual Disorders – Acts as an emmenagogue and is used to alleviate dysmenorrhea and regulate menstrual flow.
  • Nervous System Support – Known in Ayurveda for its vata-pacifying qualities, helpful in neurological disorders.

Phytochemical Constituents

Key bioactive compounds present in Erandmool include:

  • Ricinine – an alkaloid with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity
  • Ricinoleic acid – known for its laxative and anti-inflammatory actions
  • Flavonoids – antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents
  • Terpenoids – contribute to analgesic and antimicrobial effects
  • Tannins and Saponins – help in gastrointestinal and wound healing benefits

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Volume IV, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

Sharma, P. V. (2003). Dravyaguna Vigyan, Vol. 2. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy.

Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (2008). Indian Medicinal Plants, Volume III. International Book Distributors.

Patel, P. R., et al. (2012). “Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies on root of Ricinus communis Linn.” International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 14(1), 29–33.

Bhagwat, D. A., et al. (2008). “Phytochemical evaluation and antimicrobial activity of Ricinus communis roots.” Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 1(2), 34–39.

Nadkarni, K. M. (2009). Indian Materia Medica, Vol. I. Bombay Popular Prakashan.

Devdar – Cedrus deodara

devdar

Devdar, also called the Himalayan Cedar, is a tall evergreen coniferous tree native to the Western Himalayas. It is considered sacred in India and is known for its aromatic wood, which yields essential oil used in traditional medicine. It holds antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-arthritic properties.

Devdar Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Gymnosperms
  • Class: Pinopsida
  • Order: Pinales
  • Family:Pinaceae
  • Genus: Cedrus
  • Species:C. deodara

Devdar Common Names

  • English: Himalayan Cedar
  • Hindi: Devdar, Devdaru
  • Sanskrit: Devadaru
  • Gujarati: Devdaaru
  • Marathi: Devdar
  • Punjabi: Diyar
  • Tibetan: Shing-kun

Devdar uses

  • Respiratory Health – Used in Ayurvedic formulations for cough, asthma, and bronchitis due to its expectorant and soothing properties.
  • Anti-inflammatory and Pain Relief – Acts as a natural analgesic and is traditionally used for joint pain, arthritis, and swelling.
  • Skin Disorders – Its oil is applied externally to treat eczema, wounds, and fungal infections.
  • Nervous System Support – Used to calm the nervous system, relieve stress and anxiety.
  • Antimicrobial Action – Known for its antibacterial and antifungal activity in traditional practices.
  • Hormonal Balance – Supports reproductive health, useful in conditions like PCOS and irregular menstruation.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Key bioactive compounds found in Devdar include:

    • Cedrol – a sesquiterpene alcohol with calming and antimicrobial effects
    • α-Cedrene and β-Cedrene – antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory compounds
    • Thujopsene – contributes to antimicrobial and antifungal actions
    • Himachalol – possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity
    • Deodardione and Himachalene – support analgesic and anti-arthritic actions

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Volume IV, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

    Sharma, P. V. (1996). Dravyaguna Vigyan, Vol. 2. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy.

    Kirtikar, K. R., & Basu, B. D. (2008). Indian Medicinal Plants, Volume III. International Book Distributors.

    Raina, V. K., et al. (2008). “Essential oil composition of Cedrus deodara wood and its antimicrobial activity.” Journal of Essential Oil Research, 20(4), 312–314.

    Kaul, V. K., et al. (2003). “Chemical composition of the essential oil of Cedrus deodara wood.” Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 18(4), 336–338.

    Pandey, G., et al. (2014). “Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Cedrus deodara: A review.” International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 5(8), 3083–3090.

    Ajwain – Trachyspermum ammi

    ajwain

    Ajwain, also known as carom seeds, is a small, oval, ridged seed-like fruit with a pungent aroma and bitter taste. Native to India and the Middle East, it is a popular ingredient in Ayurvedic formulations and Indian cuisine, known for its carminative, antiflatulent, and antimicrobial properties.

    Ajwain Scientific Names

    • Kingdom: Plantae
    • Phylum: Angiosperms
    • Class: Eudicots
    • Order: Apiales
    • Family: Apiaceae
    • Genus: Trachyspermum
    • Species: T. ammi

    Ajwain Common Names

    • English: Carom Seeds, Bishop’s Weed
    • Hindi: Ajwain
    • Sanskrit: Yavani
    • Gujarati: Ajmo
    • Tamil: Omam
    • Malayalam: Ayamodakam
    • Telugu: Vamu

    Ajwain uses

    • Digestive Health – Widely used to treat indigestion, flatulence, and bloating, Stimulates the secretion of digestive enzymes and supports gut health.
    • Antimicrobial and Antifungal – Acts as a natural antibacterial and antifungal agent, especially against gut pathogens.
    • Respiratory Support – Used traditionally to relieve cough, asthma, and bronchitis, Ajwain steam inhalation helps in clearing nasal passages.
    • Pain Relief – Applied externally for arthritic pain, muscular aches, and toothache relief.
    • Menstrual Discomfort – Helps in relieving menstrual cramps and supports uterine health.

    Phytochemical Constituents

    Ajwain seeds are rich in bioactive compounds including:

    • Thymol – the major active constituent with strong antimicrobial, antifungal, and anesthetic properties
    • Terpenes – such as p-cymene, γ-terpinene, and α-pinene
    • Flavonoids – with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity
    • Tannins – astringent and antimicrobial agents
    • Saponins and Alkaloids – general metabolic activity

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Volume IV, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

    Sharma, P. V. (1996). Dravyaguna Vigyan, Vol. 2. Chaukhambha Bharati Academy.

    Kapoor, L. D. (2001). Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants. CRC Press.

    Dhakad, A. K., et al. (2015). “Biological, medicinal and toxicological significance of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague: A review.” Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 4(2), 286–293.

    Singh, G., et al. (2004). “Chemical constituents and antimicrobial and antioxidative effects of Ajwain essential oil.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(11), 3292–3296.

    Pandey, A., & Singh, P. (2017). “Antibacterial activity of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) essential oil against multidrug resistant bacteria isolated from clinical samples.” Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(5), 1102–1107.

    Aloe vera – Aloe barbadensis miller

    aloe vera

    Aloe vera is a succulent plant with thick, fleshy green leaves that contain a clear mucilaginous gel. It thrives in dry climates and is widely cultivated for cosmetic, medicinal, and nutritional purposes. Its soothing, anti-inflammatory, and moisturizing properties make it popular in both traditional medicine and modern pharmaceuticals.

    Aloe vera Scientific names

    • Kingdom: Plantae
    • Phylum: Angiosperms
    • Class: Monocots
    • Order: Asparagales
    • Family: Asphodelaceae
    • Genus: Aloe
    • Species: Aloe barbadensis miller

    Aloe vera Common Names

    • English: Aloe Vera, Burn Plant, Miracle Plant
    • Hindi: Gwarpatha
    • Sanskrit: Kumari
    • Gujarati: Kunvar Pathu
    • Tamil: Katrazhai
    • Malayalam: Kattaarvazha
    • Telugu: Kalabanda

    Aloe vera Uses

    • Skin Care and Wound Healing – Used traditionally for burns, cuts, and wounds due to its cooling and soothing effects, Accelerates healing of minor skin injuries and reduces inflammation.
    • Digestive Health – Aloe vera juice supports gut health, reduces acidity, and relieves constipation, Acts as a natural detoxifier.
    • Anti-Inflammatory & Antioxidant – Contains compounds that help reduce internal and external inflammation, Antioxidants support cellular health and immune system function.
    • Scalp and Hair Care – Nourishes the scalp, reduces dandruff, and promotes hair growth.
    • Immunity Booster – Boosts natural immunity by supporting liver function and improving digestion.
    • Diabetes Management – May help in regulating blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients.

    Phytochemical Constituents

    Aloe vera gel and latex contain numerous active compounds:

    • Polysaccharides: Acemannan (immunomodulatory and healing properties)
    • Anthraquinones: Aloin, Emodin (laxative and antimicrobial effects)
    • Saponins: Cleansing and antiseptic action
    • Enzymes: Alkaline phosphatase, Amylase, Lipase
    • Vitamins: A, C, E, B1, B2, B6, B12
    • Minerals: Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Selenium
    • Amino Acids: Essential and non-essential amino acids

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

    Bhavprakash Nighantu, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

    Eshun, K., & He, Q. (2004). “Aloe vera: A valuable ingredient for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries – A review.” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 44(2), 91–96.

    Boudreau, M. D., & Beland, F. A. (2006). “An evaluation of the biological and toxicological properties of Aloe barbadensis (Miller), Aloe vera.” Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C, 24(1), 103–154.

    Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple, D. G. (2008). “Aloe vera: A short review.” Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163–166.

    European Medicines Agency. Community herbal monograph on Aloe barbadensis Miller and Aloe (various species), EMA/HMPC/535138/2009.

    Chopchini – Smilax glabra

    Chopchini - Smilax glabra

    Smilax china (Chopchini) is a woody climber with thorny stems and heart-shaped leaves. It produces red berries and is native to India, China, and Southeast Asia. It is known for its ability to purify the blood, manage joint disorders, and treat skin ailments.

    Chopchini Scientific Names

    • Kingdom: Plantae
    • Phylum: Angiosperms
    • Class: Monocots
    • Order: Liliales
    • Family: Smilacaceae
    • Genus: Smilax
    • Species: Smilax china

    Chopchini Common Names

    • English: China Root, Greenbrier
    • Sanskrit: Chopchzini, Chobchinvi
    • Hindi: Chopchini
    • Tamil: Seemai Kattuvalli
    • Telugu: Neggadigaddalu
    • Bengali: Chopchini
    • Marathi: Chopchini

    Chopchini Uses

    • Anti-Rheumatic and Anti-Inflammatory – Used in joint pain, arthritis, and gout treatment, Helps reduce swelling and inflammation.
    • Blood Purification and Detoxification – Acts as a natural blood cleanser, removing toxins, Beneficial in treating chronic skin diseases like eczema and psoriasis.
    • Anti-Diabetic Properties – Helps in regulating blood sugar levels, Supports pancreatic function and insulin balance.
    • Respiratory Health – Useful in treating chronic cough, bronchitis, and asthma, Acts as a natural expectorant.
    • Metabolic and Digestive Health – Aids digestion and reduces bloating and indigestion, Supports weight management and metabolism.
    • Sexual and Reproductive Health – Traditionally used as an aphrodisiac and fertility booster, Helps in managing hormonal imbalances.

    Phytochemical Constituents

    Chopchini contains bioactive compounds that contribute to its medicinal effects:

    • Alkaloids: Saponins, Diosgenin
    • Flavonoids: Quercetin, Rutin
    • Glycosides: Smilagenin
    • Steroids: Beta-Sitosterol
    • Tannins: Antioxidants
    • Terpenoids: Sapogenins

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

    Bhavprakash Nighantu, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

    Sharma, R., & Gupta, A. (2020). “Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Applications of Smilax china: A Review.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 255, 112784.

    European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

    Kumar, S., & Yadav, M. (2021). “Chopchini (Smilax china): A Potent Anti-Inflammatory Herb.” International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 9(1), 38-50.

    Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

    Punarnava – Boerhavia Diffusa

    punarnava

    Boerhavia diffusa (Punarnava) is a spreading, creeping herb found in tropical and subtropical regions. It has small pinkish-red flowers and thick, fleshy roots. The name Punarnava means “the one that rejuvenates the body,” highlighting its role in restoring health and revitalizing organs.

    Punarnava Scientific Names

    • Kingdom: Plantae
    • Phylum: Angiosperms
    • Class: Magnoliopsida
    • Order: Caryophyllales
    • Family: Nyctaginaceae
    • Genus: Boerhavia
    • Species: Boerhavia diffusa

    Punarnava Common Names

    • English: Spreading Hogweed
    • Sanskrit: Punarnava
    • Hindi: Gadapurna, Sathi
    • Tamil: Mukarattai
    • Telugu: Atika Mamidi
    • Bengali: Punarnabha
    • Marathi: Ghetuli

    Punarnava uses

    • Kidney and Urinary Health – Acts as a diuretic, helping in urinary retention and kidney disorders, Supports the prevention of kidney stones.
    • Liver Protection – Helps in detoxifying the liver and treating jaundice, Supports fatty liver treatment by reducing liver enzyme levels.
    • Anti-inflammatory & Joint Pain Health – Reduces swelling and knee pain in arthritis and rheumatism, Possesses anti-inflammatory properties beneficial for chronic conditions.
    • Respiratory Health – Used in treating asthma, fiver, cough, and bronchitis, Acts as a bronchodilator and helps in clearing mucus.
    • Cardiovascular Health – Helps in regulating blood pressure, Supports reducing cholesterol levels.
    • Immunity Booster & Rejuvenation – Acts as a Rasayana (rejuvenating herb) in Ayurveda, Boosts overall immune system health.

    Phytochemical Constituents

    • Alkaloids: Punarnavine, Boeravinone
    • Flavonoids: Kaempferol, Quercetin
    • Steroids: β-Sitosterol
    • Phenolic Compounds: Lignans, Phenols
    • Glycosides: Punarnavoside
    • Tannins & Saponins: Natural detoxifiers

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

    Bhavprakash Nighantu, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

    Patel, D.K., & Kumar, R. (2020). “Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Boerhavia diffusa: A Review.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 248, 112354.

    European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

    Sharma, R., & Singh, V. (2018). “Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa): A Potent Herbal Drug for Liver and Kidney Disorders.” Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13(2), 78-88.

    Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

    piper – Piper nigrum

    piper - Piper nigrum

    Piper nigrum (Black Pepper) is a woody, perennial climbing vine that produces small, round, black-colored peppercorns. It is cultivated extensively in tropical regions and is a staple in culinary and medicinal applications. The plant thrives in humid conditions and requires a supportive structure to grow.

    Piper Scientific Names

    • Kingdom: Plantae
    • Phylum: Angiosperms
    • Class: Magnoliopsida
    • Order: Piperales
    • Family: Piperaceae
    • Genus: Piper
    • Species: Piper nigrum

    Piper Nigrum Common Names

    • English: Black Pepper
    • Sanskrit: Maricha
    • Hindi: Kali Mirch
    • Tamil: Milagu
    • Telugu: Miriyalu
    • Bengali: Golmorich
    • Marathi: Miri

    Piper Nigrum Uses

    • Digestive Health – Stimulates digestive enzymes and enhances gut health, Aids in relieving bloating and indigestion.
    • Respiratory Health – Used in treating cough, colds, and respiratory congestion. Acts as an expectorant to clear mucus buildup.
    • Metabolic and Weight Management – Enhances fat metabolism, aiding in weight loss, Stimulates thermogenesis, promoting calorie burning.
    • Anti-inflammatory & Antioxidant – Contains piperine, which reduces oxidative stress and inflammation.
    • Immunity Booster – Strengthens the immune system by enhancing nutrient absorption.
    • A Natural Brain Tonic – Helps reduce seizure frequency and improves nerve stability.

    Phytochemical Constituents

    • Alkaloids: Piperine, Piperidine
    • Essential Oils: Caryophyllene, Limonene, Pinene
    • Flavonoids: Quercetin, Kaempferol
    • Tannins: Polyphenols
    • Sterols: Beta-sitosterol

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

    Bhavprakash Nighantu, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

    Koul, O., & Wahab, S. (2018). “Biological and Pharmacological Properties of Piper nigrum: A Review.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 220, 1-12.

    European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

    Sharma, P., & Tripathi, S. (2019). “Therapeutic Potential of Piper nigrum and Its Phytochemicals: A Review.” Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14(4), 123-135.

    Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

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