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Sunth (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

Sunth (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

Sunth (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) refers to the dried rhizome of ginger, a widely used spice and medicinal herb in Ayurveda and other traditional systems of medicine. It is well-known for both its warming qualities and strong flavor. Sunth is highly valued for its anti-inflammatory, digestive, antiemetic, and antioxidant activities.

Dry Ginger Scientific Name

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Monocots
  • Order: Zingiberales
  • Family: Zingiberaceae
  • Genus: Zingiber
  • Species: Zingiber officinale Roscoe

Common Names

  • English: Dry Ginger
  • Sanskrit: Sunthi / Nagara
  • Hindi: Sonth / Sounth
  • Tamil: Chukku
  • Telugu: Sonti
  • Bengali: Shunti
  • Marathi: Soonth

Sunth Uses

  • Digestive Health – Acts as a powerful digestive stimulant and carminative, Helps treat indigestion, bloating, flatulence, and loss of appetite.
  • Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic – Used for joint pain, rheumatism, and arthritis due to its anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Respiratory Benefits – Helpful in cough, cold, bronchitis, and asthma by acting as an expectorant and mucolytic.
  • Antiemetic and Nausea Relief – Traditionally used to prevent nausea and vomiting, especially morning sickness and motion sickness.
  • Metabolic Booster – Used in weight management and metabolic disorders for its thermogenic action.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Sunth contains various bioactive compounds that contribute to its pharmacological effects. The primary constituents include:

    • Gingerols: [6]-Gingerol (main bioactive in fresh ginger)
    • Shogaols: [6]-Shogaol (formed during drying process, more potent)
    • Zingerone
    • Paradols
    • Essential Oils: Zingiberene, β-Bisabolene, α-Farnesene
    • Flavonoids: Quercetin, Kaempferol
    • Others: Diarylheptanoids, Terpenes

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Volume IV, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India.

    Bhavaprakasha Nighantu by Bhavamishra – Haritakyadi Varga.

    Masuda, Y., et al. (2004). “Chemical studies on antioxidant mechanism of ginger constituents: Isolation of [6]-shogaol and characterization of its antioxidative activity.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(8), 2522–2527.

    Ali, B. H., Blunden, G., Tanira, M. O., & Nemmar, A. (2008). “Some phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale): A review of recent research.” Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 409–420.

    European Medicines Agency (EMA). “Assessment report on Zingiber officinale Roscoe, rhizoma.” EMA/HMPC/749348/2009

Bhringraj – Eclipta prostrata

Bhringraj - Eclipta prostrata

Eclipta alba (Bhringraj) is a small, creeping herb with white flowers and elongated leaves. It is commonly found in moist and tropical climates. Known as the “King of Hair”, it is traditionally used to promote hair growth, prevent premature graying, and strengthen hair follicles.

Bhringraj Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Magnoliopsida
  • Order: Asterales
  • Family: Asteraceae
  • Genus: Eclipta
  • Species: Eclipta alba

Bhringraj Common Names

  • English: False Daisy
  • Sanskrit: Bhringraj, Kesharaj
  • Hindi: Bhangra, Bhringraj
  • Tamil: Karisilanganni
  • Telugu: Guntagalagara
  • Bengali: Bhringoraj
  • Marathi: Maka

Bhringraj Uses

  • Hair and Scalp Health – Stimulates hair growth and strengthens hair roots, Prevents premature graying and hair loss, Nourishes the scalp and reduces dandruff.
  • Liver Protection – Acts as a hepatoprotective agent, supporting liver detoxification, Aids in the treatment of jaundice and liver disorders.
  • Skin and Wound Healing – Possesses antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, Used for skin infections, wounds, and eczema.
  • Brain and Nervous System Health – Acts as a nootropic that enhances memory and cognitive function, Helps reduce stress and anxiety.
  • Respiratory Health – Beneficial in asthma, bronchitis, and chronic cough, Acts as a natural expectorant.
  • Cardiovascular Health – Helps regulate blood pressure and cholesterol levels, Improves circulation and strengthens heart function.

Phytochemical Constituents

  • Alkaloids: Ecliptine
  • Flavonoids: Luteolin, Apigenin
  • Sterols: β-Sitosterol
  • Coumestans: Wedelolactone, Demethylwedelolactone
  • Tannins: Antioxidants
  • Triterpenes: Ursolic acid

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

Bhavprakash Nighantu, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

Sharma, R., & Gupta, A. (2019). “Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Applications of Eclipta alba: A Review.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 250, 112485.

European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

Kumar, S., & Yadav, M. (2021). “Bhringraj (Eclipta alba): A Potential Herb for Liver and Hair Health.” International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 8(2), 45-52.

Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

Brahmi – Bacopa monnieri

Brahmi - Bacopa monnieri

Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) is a well-known herb in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurvedic systems. Brahmi is highly valued for its ability to sharpen the mind, improve memory retention, and promote a calm, focused state. It’s often used to support mental agility, reduce stress, and enhance overall cognitive function. This herb grows in wet, marshy environments and is native to the Indian subcontinent, but it is now cultivated in many parts of the world.

Brahmi Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Lamiales
  • Family: Plantaginaceae
  • Genus: Bacopa
  • Species: Bacopa monnieri

Brahmi Common Names

  • English: Brahmi
  • Sanskrit: Brahmi
  • Hindi: Brahmi
  • Tamil: Vallarai
  • Telugu: Saraswati
  • Bengali: Brahmi
  • Marathi: Jivanti

Brahmi Uses

  • Cognitive Enhancement – Known as a nootropic, Brahmi is traditionally used to improve memory, learning capacity, and overall cognitive function.
  • Stress and Anxiety Reduction – Acts as an adaptogen, reducing the effects of stress and anxiety by balancing neurotransmitter levels in the brain.
  • Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties – Contains potent antioxidants, which help protect brain cells from oxidative stress, reducing inflammation and promoting brain health.
  • Antiepileptic Properties – Brahmi has been used in treating epilepsy and seizures due to its calming effects on the nervous system.
  • Skin Health – Traditionally, Brahmi is used to treat wounds and skin conditions due to its anti-inflammatory and healing properties.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Brahmi contains several bioactive compounds that contribute to its medicinal effects. Some of the key phytochemicals include:

    • Saponins: Bacopasides A, B, and C
    • Alkaloids: Brahmine, Herpestine
    • Flavonoids: Apigenin, Luteolin
    • Triterpenoids: Bacogenin A and B
    • Phenolic Acids: Caffeic acid, Chlorogenic acid>

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

    Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

    Sahu, P.K., et al. (2013). “Pharmacological profile of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.: A review.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 150(3), 1370-1376.

    Aguiar, S., & Borowski, T. (2013). “Bacopa monnieri as a nootropic agent: A systematic review.” Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 111, 64-70.

    European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

    Patocka, J., et al. (2013). “Bioactive compounds of Bacopa monnieri and their effects on human health.” Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 35(3), 1074-1082.

Baheda – Terminalia bellirica

Baheda - Terminalia bellirica

Baheda (Terminalia bellirica), also known as Bibhitaki, is a large deciduous tree native to Southeast Asia and widely used in Ayurvedic medicine. It is among the three key fruits that make up the famous Triphala blend. Baheda is traditionally valued for its rejuvenating, detoxifying, and antimicrobial properties, and is used in the treatment of respiratory, digestive, and eye disorders.

Baheda Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Myrtales
  • Family: Combretaceae
  • Genus: Terminalia
  • Species: Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.

Terminalia bellirica Common Name

  • English: Beleric Myrobalan, Baheda
  • Sanskrit: Bibhitaki, Karshaphala
  • Hindi: Baheda
  • Tamil: Thandrikai
  • Telugu: Tani
  • Bengali: Bohera
  • Marathi: Behada

Terminalia bellirica Uses

  • Digestive Health – Acts as a mild laxative, helps relieve constipation and improves digestion.
  • Respiratory Relief – Beneficial in managing cough, asthma, and bronchitis due to its expectorant and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • Eye and Vision Support – Traditionally used as a rasayana (rejuvenative) to improve vision and eye strength.
  • Antimicrobial and Detoxifying – Exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties, Known for liver detox and enhancing skin health.
  • Hair and Scalp Benefits – Powder used to support hair growth, prevent dandruff, and darken hair naturally.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Baheda contains multiple bioactive compounds contributing to its wide-ranging therapeutic effects:

    • Tannins: Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Chebulagic acid
    • Lignans: Termilignan, Thannilignan
    • Flavonoids: Quercetin
    • Phenolic Compounds: Beta-sitosterol, Anolignan-B
    • Others: Saponins, Glycosides, and various fatty oils

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Part I, Vol. I, Govt. of India, Ministry of AYUSH.

    Sharma, P. V. (2000). Dravyaguna Vijnana, Vol. II, Chaukhambha Bharati Academy, Varanasi.

    Chopra, R. N., Nayar, S. L., & Chopra, I. C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, CSIR, New Delhi.

    Kiritikar, K.R., & Basu, B.D. (2005). Indian Medicinal Plants, Vol. III, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.

    Singh, D. P., & Gupta, R. S. (2011). “Pharmacological potential of Terminalia bellirica: A review.” International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 2(11), 1236-1245.

    Gupta, A., & Kumar, R. (2020). “A comprehensive review on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Terminalia bellirica.” Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 13(5), 11-16.

    European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

    WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Volume 4. World Health Organization, Geneva.

Harde

Hindi Name : Harre, Harad, Harar
Sanskrit Name : Abhay¡, K¡yasth¡, áiv¡, Pathy¡, Vijay¡
English Name : Myrobalan
Latin Name : Terminalia chebula

Harad contains many chemical components with anti-oxidant benefits, such as phenolic acids, benzoic acids, cinnamic acids, flavonoids, beta-sitosterol (it is a plant sterol used to reduce cholesterol levels) and glycosides. Nutritional components like amino acids, fatty acids, and fructose, are also found in harad.

Key Benefits :

  • Immunosuppressive (suppresses immune system)
  • Improve cognition (mental action and acquiring knowledge)
  • Hepatoprotective (protects the liver)
  • Cardio-protective property

Amla – Indian Gooseberry

amla

Amla (Phyllanthus emblica), commonly known as Indian Gooseberry, is a small, deciduous tree native to the Indian subcontinent. It belongs to the Phyllanthaceae family and is renowned for its rich vitamin C content. Amla has been utilized extensively in traditional medicine, especially in Ayurveda, for its various therapeutic properties. It is considered one of the most important herbs for promoting overall health, supporting the immune system, and enhancing skin, hair, and digestive health.

Amla Scientific Names

  • Kingdom: Plantae
  • Phylum: Angiosperms
  • Class: Eudicots
  • Order: Malpighiales
  • Family: Phyllanthaceae
  • Genus: Phyllanthus
  • Species: Phyllanthus emblica

Amla Common Names

  • English: Indian Gooseberry, Amla
  • Sanskrit: Amalaki, Dhatri
  • Hindi: Amla
  • Tamil: Nellikkai
  • Telugu: Usirikaya
  • Bengali: Amloki
  • Marathi: Amla
  • Malayalam: Nellikai

Amla Uses

  • Immune System Boosting – Amla is rich in Vitamin C, which helps in strengthening the immune system and fighting infections.
  • Digestive Health – Known to improve digestion, Amla serves as a mild laxative, enhancing bowel movement and promoting gut health.Known to improve digestion, Amla serves as a mild laxative, enhancing bowel movement and promoting gut health.
  • Skin Health – Amla is commonly used in cosmetics for its ability to rejuvenate skin cells, reduce signs of aging, and treat pigmentation issues.
  • Hair Health – Regular consumption of Amla or its oil is believed to improve hair texture, reduce premature graying, and promote healthy hair growth.
  • Liver Health – Traditionally used as a detoxifier, Amla is thought to support liver function by promoting the excretion of toxins.
  • women health – Amla supports women’s health by balancing hormones, boosting lactation, and easing PCOS symptoms. It improves immunity, regulates periods, and nourishes the body with natural strength.

    • Phytochemical Constituents

    Amla is rich in a variety of bioactive compounds that contribute to its medicinal properties. Key phytochemicals include:

    • Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
    • Polyphenols: Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Quercetin
    • Flavonoids: Rutin, Myricetin
    • Tannins: Emblicanin A, Emblicanin B
    • Minerals: Calcium, Phosphorus, Iron
    • Essential Oils: Terpenes, Fatty acids

    References

    Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

    Sharma, P., & Sharma, S. (2015). “Pharmacological properties of Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) and its health benefits.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 160, 195-204.

    Gupta, S., & Nair, A. (2012). “Amla (Indian gooseberry) as a therapeutic agent: A review.” Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 2(2), 148-154.

    Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

    “Phytochemical analysis and biological activities of Phyllanthus emblica.” (2019). Pharmacognosy Reviews, 13(25), 55-60.

    World Health Organization (WHO). (2002). “Amla in the Treatment of Diabetes and Skin Disorders.” Traditional Medicine Use in South Asia.

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