Ingredient Archive - Page 6 of 10

Chopchini – Smilax glabra

Smilax china (Chopchini) is a woody climber with thorny stems and heart-shaped leaves. It produces red berries and is native to India, China, and Southeast Asia. It is known for its ability to purify the blood, manage joint disorders, and treat skin ailments.

Chopchini Scientific Names

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Angiosperms
Class: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Smilacaceae
Genus: Smilax
Species: Smilax china

Chopchini Common Names

English: China Root, Greenbrier
Sanskrit: Chopchzini, Chobchinvi
Hindi: Chopchini
Tamil: Seemai Kattuvalli
Telugu: Neggadigaddalu
Bengali: Chopchini
Marathi: Chopchini

Chopchini Uses

Anti-Rheumatic and Anti-Inflammatory – Used in joint pain, arthritis, and gout treatment, Helps reduce swelling and inflammation.

Blood Purification and Detoxification – Acts as a natural blood cleanser, removing toxins, Beneficial in treating chronic skin diseases like eczema and psoriasis.

Anti-Diabetic Properties – Helps in regulating blood sugar levels, Supports pancreatic function and insulin balance.

Respiratory Health – Useful in treating chronic cough, bronchitis, and asthma, Acts as a natural expectorant.

Metabolic and Digestive Health – Aids digestion and reduces bloating and indigestion, Supports weight management and metabolism.

Sexual and Reproductive Health – Traditionally used as an aphrodisiac and fertility booster, Helps in managing hormonal imbalances.

Phytochemical Constituents

Chopchini contains bioactive compounds that contribute to its medicinal effects:

Alkaloids: Saponins, Diosgenin
Flavonoids: Quercetin, Rutin
Glycosides: Smilagenin
Steroids: Beta-Sitosterol
Tannins: Antioxidants
Terpenoids: Sapogenins

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

Bhavprakash Nighantu, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

Sharma, R., & Gupta, A. (2020). “Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Applications of Smilax china: A Review.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 255, 112784.

European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

Kumar, S., & Yadav, M. (2021). “Chopchini (Smilax china): A Potent Anti-Inflammatory Herb.” International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 9(1), 38-50.

Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

Punarnava – Boerhavia Diffusa

Boerhavia diffusa (Punarnava) is a spreading, creeping herb found in tropical and subtropical regions. It has small pinkish-red flowers and thick, fleshy roots. The name Punarnava means “the one that rejuvenates the body,” highlighting its role in restoring health and revitalizing organs.

Punarnava Scientific Names

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Angiosperms
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nyctaginaceae
Genus: Boerhavia
Species: Boerhavia diffusa

Punarnava Common Names

English: Spreading Hogweed
Sanskrit: Punarnava
Hindi: Gadapurna, Sathi
Tamil: Mukarattai
Telugu: Atika Mamidi
Bengali: Punarnabha
Marathi: Ghetuli

Punarnava uses

Kidney and Urinary Health – Acts as a diuretic, helping in urinary retention and kidney disorders, Supports the prevention of kidney stones.

Liver Protection – Helps in detoxifying the liver and treating jaundice, Supports fatty liver treatment by reducing liver enzyme levels.

Anti-inflammatory & Joint Pain Health – Reduces swelling and knee pain in arthritis and rheumatism, Possesses anti-inflammatory properties beneficial for chronic conditions.

Respiratory Health – Used in treating asthma, fiver, cough, and bronchitis, Acts as a bronchodilator and helps in clearing mucus.

Cardiovascular Health – Helps in regulating blood pressure, Supports reducing cholesterol levels.

Immunity Booster & Rejuvenation – Acts as a Rasayana (rejuvenating herb) in Ayurveda, Boosts overall immune system health.

Phytochemical Constituents

Alkaloids: Punarnavine, Boeravinone
Flavonoids: Kaempferol, Quercetin
Steroids: β-Sitosterol
Phenolic Compounds: Lignans, Phenols
Glycosides: Punarnavoside
Tannins & Saponins: Natural detoxifiers

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

Bhavprakash Nighantu, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

Patel, D.K., & Kumar, R. (2020). “Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Boerhavia diffusa: A Review.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 248, 112354.

European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

Sharma, R., & Singh, V. (2018). “Punarnava (Boerhavia diffusa): A Potent Herbal Drug for Liver and Kidney Disorders.” Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13(2), 78-88.

Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

piper – Piper nigrum

Piper nigrum (Black Pepper) is a woody, perennial climbing vine that produces small, round, black-colored peppercorns. It is cultivated extensively in tropical regions and is a staple in culinary and medicinal applications. The plant thrives in humid conditions and requires a supportive structure to grow.

Piper Scientific Names

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Angiosperms
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Piperales
Family: Piperaceae
Genus: Piper
Species: Piper nigrum

Piper Nigrum Common Names

English: Black Pepper
Sanskrit: Maricha
Hindi: Kali Mirch
Tamil: Milagu
Telugu: Miriyalu
Bengali: Golmorich
Marathi: Miri

Piper Nigrum Uses

Digestive Health – Stimulates digestive enzymes and enhances gut health, Aids in relieving bloating and indigestion.

Respiratory Health – Used in treating cough, colds, and respiratory congestion. Acts as an expectorant to clear mucus buildup.

Metabolic and Weight Management – Enhances fat metabolism, aiding in weight loss, Stimulates thermogenesis, promoting calorie burning.

Anti-inflammatory & Antioxidant – Contains piperine, which reduces oxidative stress and inflammation.

Immunity Booster – Strengthens the immune system by enhancing nutrient absorption.

A Natural Brain Tonic – Helps reduce seizure frequency and improves nerve stability.

Phytochemical Constituents

Alkaloids: Piperine, Piperidine
Essential Oils: Caryophyllene, Limonene, Pinene
Flavonoids: Quercetin, Kaempferol
Tannins: Polyphenols
Sterols: Beta-sitosterol

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

Bhavprakash Nighantu, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

Koul, O., & Wahab, S. (2018). “Biological and Pharmacological Properties of Piper nigrum: A Review.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 220, 1-12.

European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

Sharma, P., & Tripathi, S. (2019). “Therapeutic Potential of Piper nigrum and Its Phytochemicals: A Review.” Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14(4), 123-135.

Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

SATAVARI – Asparagus racemosus

Satavari (Asparagus racemosus) is a climbing plant with small pine-needle-like leaves, tiny white flowers, and red berries. It thrives in tropical and subtropical regions of India and is revered for its adaptogenic, galactagogue, and reproductive health benefits.

Satavari Scientific Names

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Angiosperms
Class: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asparagaceae
Genus: Asparagus
Species: Asparagus racemosus

Satavari Common Names

English: Wild Asparagus, Indian Asparagus
Sanskrit: Satavari
Hindi: Shatavari
Tamil: Thaneervittan
Telugu: Pilli Gaddalu
Bengali: Satamuli
Marathi: Shatavari

Asparagus Uses

Women’s Health – Acts as a galactagogue, enhancing breast milk production in lactating mothers, Helps in hormonal balance and menstrual regulation.

Digestive Health – Supports gut health by reducing acidity, ulcers, and inflammation.

Immune Booster – Strengthens the immune system and increases vitality.

Adaptogenic & Stress Relief – Acts as an adaptogen, helping the body manage stress and anxiety.

Anti-inflammatory Properties – Reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, supporting overall well-being

Phytochemical Constituents

Saponins: Shatavarins I-IV
Alkaloids: Asparagine
Flavonoids: Rutin, Quercetin
Sterols: β-Sitosterol
Polysaccharides: Immunomodulatory compounds

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

Bhavprakash Nighantu, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

Sharma, P., & Chauhan, N.S. (2018). “Medicinal Properties of Asparagus racemosus: A Review.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 214, 1-15.

European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

Singh, R., & Agarwal, R. (2017). “Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Asparagus racemosus: A Natural Healer.” Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 12(3), 198-210.

Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

Nirgundi – Vitex negundo

Nirgundi (Vitex negundo) is a fast-growing, aromatic shrub or small tree, reaching a height of up to 5 meters. It has compound leaves with five leaflets, purplish-blue flowers, and small blackish fruits. Traditionally, the plant is used for pain relief, respiratory disorders, and wound healing in Ayurveda and Siddha medicine.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Vitex
Species: Vitex negundo

Common Names

English: Chinese Chaste Tree, Five-Leaved Chaste Tree
Sanskrit: Nirgundi
Hindi: Nirgundi
Tamil: Notchi
Telugu: Vavili
Bengali: Nishinda
Marathi: Nirgundi

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Pain and Inflammation Relief – Used in arthritis, joint pain, and muscle stiffness due to its strong anti-inflammatory effects.

Respiratory Health – Helps in asthma, bronchitis, and sinus congestion by reducing inflammation and clearing mucus.

Skin Disorders – Used for treating wounds, boils, and ulcers with its antimicrobial and healing properties.

Gynecological Benefits – Traditionally used for menstrual irregularities and uterine disorders.

Antimicrobial & Antifungal – Possesses antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, making it effective against infections.

Phytochemical Constituents

Nirgundi contains several bioactive compounds responsible for its medicinal properties. The key phytochemicals include:

Flavonoids: Luteolin, Casticin
Terpenoids: Negundoside, Viridiflorol
Alkaloids: Vitricine
Glycosides: Iridoid glycosides
Essential Oils: Camphene, Sabinene, Caryophyllene

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

Bhavprakash Nighantu, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

Sharma, P., & Chauhan, N.S. (2017). “Medicinal Properties of Vitex negundo: A Review.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 210, 1-10.

European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

Mishra, A., Kumar, S., Bhatt, G., & Srivastava, S. (2017). “Pongamia pinnata: Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Applications.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 204, 1-15.

Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

Karanj – Pongamia pinnata

Karanj (Pongamia pinnata) is a medium-sized deciduous tree that grows up to 15–25 meters in height. It has compound pinnate leaves, fragrant purple flowers, and flat brown pods containing oil-rich seeds. Traditionally, Karanj has been used in Ayurveda and Siddha medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Pongamia
Species: Pongamia pinnata

Common Names

English: Indian Beech, Karanja Tree
Sanskrit: Karanja
Hindi: Karanj
Tamil: Pungai
Telugu: Kanuga
Bengali: Karanja
Marathi: Karanj

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Skin Disorders – Karanja oil is traditionally used for eczema, psoriasis, and fungal infections.

Wound Healing – The oil and bark extracts help in wound healing and reducing inflammation.

Digestive Health – Used in Ayurvedic formulations for treating constipation and abdominal bloating.

Prevents Hair Fall – Strengthens hair roots and reduces hair fall caused by scalp infections.

Joint and Muscle Pain Relief – Karanja oil is applied topically to alleviate arthritis and muscle pain.

Antimicrobial & Antifungal – The bioactive compounds in Karanj possess antimicrobial and antifungal properties.

Phytochemical Constituents

Karanj contains a variety of bioactive compounds that contribute to its medicinal properties. Some key phytochemicals include:

Flavonoids: Pongamol, Pinnatin
Fixed Oils: Karanjin, Pongapin
Steroids: β-Sitosterol, Stigmasterol
Tannins: Catechins
Glycosides: Pongamoside

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

Bhavprakash Nighantu, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

Sahoo, N., & Manchikanti, P. (2013). “Herbal Medicine: Current Status and the Future.” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 3(2), 134-142.

European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

Mishra, A., Kumar, S., Bhatt, G., & Srivastava, S. (2017). “Pongamia pinnata: Phytochemistry and Therapeutic Applications.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 204, 1-15.

Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

Jethimadh – Glycyrrhiza glabra

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a herbaceous perennial plant that grows up to 1.5 meters in height. It has compound leaves, purple to bluish flowers, and sweet-flavored roots due to its glycyrrhizin content. The root is the main medicinal part used in Ayurveda, Unani, and traditional herbal medicine systems.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Glycyrrhiza
Species: Glycyrrhiza glabra

Common Names

English: Licorice, Sweet Wood
Sanskrit: Yastimadhu
Hindi: Mulethi
Tamil: Athimadhuram
Telugu: Yashtimadhuka
Bengali: Jethimadh
Marathi: Jyeshthamadha

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Respiratory Health – Used as an expectorant to relieve cough, sore throat, and bronchial congestion.

Digestive Health – Acts as a soothing agent for the stomach lining and helps in gastric ulcer treatment.

Anti-Inflammatory & Antioxidant Benefits – Contains flavonoids and saponins, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.

Liver Protection – Traditionally used as a hepatoprotective to support liver health and detoxification.

Skin Health – Used for treating eczema, psoriasis, and hyperpigmentation due to its antimicrobial properties.

Phytochemical Constituents

Mulethi contains several bioactive compounds that contribute to its medicinal properties. Some key phytochemicals include:

Triterpenoid Saponins: Glycyrrhizin, Glycyrrhetinic Acid

Flavonoids: Liquiritin, Glabridin, Quercetin

Coumarins: Herniarin, Umbelliferone

Sterols: Beta-sitosterol, Stigmasterol

Polysaccharides: Arabinogalactans, Glucans

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

Sharangdhar Samhita, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

Fiore, C., Eisenhut, M., Ragazzi, E., Zanchin, G., & Armanini, D. (2005). “A history of the therapeutic use of liquorice in Europe.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 99(3), 317-324.

European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

Asl, M.N., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2008). “Review of pharmacological effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra and its bioactive compounds.” Phytotherapy Research, 22(6), 709-724.

Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

Nilgiri – Eucalyptus globulus

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) is a fast-growing evergreen tree native to Australia and widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It has smooth, peeling bark, bluish-green leaves, and produces aromatic essential oil used in traditional medicine and aromatherapy.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Species: Eucalyptus globulus

Common Names

English: Eucalyptus, Blue Gum Tree
Sanskrit: Tailapatra
Hindi: Nilgiri
Tamil: Thaila Maram
Telugu: Nallagiriya Chettu
Bengali: Nilgiri Gachh
Marathi: Nilgiri

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Respiratory Health – Used to relieve congestion, cough, and asthma symptoms through inhalation therapy.

Antimicrobial and Antiseptic Properties – Its essential oil has strong antibacterial and antifungal activity, used for wound healing and infections.

Pain Relief and Anti-Inflammatory Benefits – Applied topically to reduce muscle pain, joint inflammation, and headaches

Phytochemical Constituents

Eucalyptus contains several bioactive compounds responsible for its medicinal properties. Some major phytochemicals include:

Essential Oils: Eucalyptol (1,8-Cineole), α-Pinene, Limonene

Flavonoids: Quercetin, Kaempferol

Tannins: Ellagitannins, Gallotannins

Terpenoids: Globulol, Aromadendrene

Phenolic Compounds: Caffeic acid, Gallic acid

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

Sharangdhar Samhita, Chapter on Digestive Disorders.

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

Sharangdhar Samhita, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

Bachir, R.G., & Benali, M. (2012). “Antibacterial activity of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil.” Microbial Pathogenesis, 52(2), 35-40.

European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

Santos, F.A., & Rao, V.S. (2000). “Antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 89(2-3), 277-283.

Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

METHI (Fenugreek) – Trigonella Foenum-Graecum

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is an annual plant that grows up to 60 cm tall. It produces small, yellowish-white flowers and oblong, brown seeds that have a distinct bitter taste and strong aroma. The leaves, seeds, and sprouts of fenugreek are used in both culinary and medicinal applications.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Trigonella
Species: Trigonella foenum-graecum

Common Names

English: Fenugreek
Sanskrit: Methika
Hindi: Methi
Tamil: Vendhayam
Telugu: Mentulu
Bengali: Methi
Marathi: Methi

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Blood Sugar Control – Contains galactomannan and 4-hydroxyisoleucine, which help regulate blood glucose levels.

Digestive Health – Acts as a natural fiber source, aiding digestion and relieving constipation.

Lactation Support – Traditionally used as a galactagogue to enhance breast milk production in nursing mothers.

Anti-Inflammatory & Antioxidant Benefits – Rich in flavonoids and alkaloids, providing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Cholesterol Management – Helps lower bad cholesterol (LDL) while maintaining heart health.

Phytochemical Constituents

Alkaloids: Trigonelline, Choline

Saponins: Diosgenin, Yamogenin

Flavonoids: Quercetin, Luteolin

Steroidal Compounds: Fenugreekine, Coumarin

Proteins & Fibers: Galactomannan

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

Sharangdhar Samhita, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

Basch, E., Ulbricht, C., Kuo, G., Szapary, P., & Smith, M. (2003). “Therapeutic applications of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): A review.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 85(1), 1-9.

European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

Acharya, S.N., Thomas, J.E., & Basu, S.K. (2008). “Fenugreek: An old medicinal herb with diverse applications.” Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 52(1), 37-52.

Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

Karela – Momordica charantia

Karela (Momordica charantia) is a tropical and subtropical vine that bears warty, elongated green fruits. It is cultivated across Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. The fruit, leaves, and seeds of bitter melon are commonly used in traditional medicine and culinary applications.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Angiosperms
Class: Eudicots
Order: Cucurbitales
Family: Cucurbitaceae
Genus: Momordica
Order: Cucurbitales
Species: Momordica charantia

Common Names

English: Bitter Melon, Bitter Gourd
Sanskrit: Karavellaka
Hindi: Karela
Tamil: Pavakkai
Telugu: Kakarakaya
Bengali: Korola
Marathi: Karle

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Anti-Diabetic Properties – Contains charantin and polypeptide-p, which help in lowering blood sugar levels.

Digestive Health – Acts as a natural laxative, aiding in digestion and preventing constipation.

Liver Health – Supports liver detoxification and protects against fatty liver disease

Immune System Booster – Rich in antioxidants and vitamin C, enhancing immunity and fighting infections.

Phytochemical Constituents

Flavonoids: Quercetin, Kaempferol

Alkaloids: Momordicine I & II

Triterpenoids: Charantin, Cucurbitacin

Steroidal Saponins: Momordicosides

Proteins & Peptides: Polypeptide-P (plant insulin)

References

Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API), Govt. of India.

Sharangdhar Samhita, Chapter on Herbal Remedies.

Grover, J.K., Yadav, S.P. (2004). “Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: A review.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 93(1), 123-132.

European Pharmacopoeia, 10th Edition, Council of Europe.

Joseph, B., Jini, D. (2013). “A medicinal potency of Momordica charantia: A review.” International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 3(2), 78-83.

Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L., & Chopra, I.C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. CSIR, New Delhi.

Chopchini Scientific Names

Chopchini Common Names

Chopchini Uses

Phytochemical Constituents

References

Punarnava Scientific Names

Punarnava Common Names

Punarnava uses

Phytochemical Constituents

References

Piper Scientific Names

Piper Nigrum Common Names

Piper Nigrum Uses

Phytochemical Constituents

References

Satavari Scientific Names

Satavari Common Names

Asparagus Uses

Phytochemical Constituents

References

Scientific Classification

Common Names

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Phytochemical Constituents

References

Scientific Classification

Common Names

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Phytochemical Constituents

References

Scientific Classification

Common Names

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Phytochemical Constituents

References

Scientific Classification

Common Names

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Phytochemical Constituents

References

Scientific Classification

Common Names

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Phytochemical Constituents

References

Scientific Classification

Common Names

Traditional and Medicinal Uses

Phytochemical Constituents

References

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